Análisis de infección por citomegalovirus y sus consecuencias en el trasplante renal: revisión de una década / Analysis of cytomegalovirus infection and its consequences in renal transplantation: a decade analysis

Fundamento y objetivo: El citomegalovirus (CMV) es uno de los agentes patógenos más importantes en el paciente trasplantado renal. Puede ocasionar infección y enfermedad, de graves consecuencias, directas e indirectas. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de todos los trasplantes renales realizados en el Hospital La Fe entre 1994 y 2005 (n=996). El diagnóstico de infección o enfermedad por CMV se realizó mediante serología, cultivo, determinación de antigenemia pp65 o cuantificación de CMV por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en sangre periférica. La profilaxis recibida fue aciclovir en 20 pacientes (2,4%), ganciclovir en 478 (56,8%), valganciclovir en 166 (19,7%,) y ninguna en 178 (21%). Resultados: La serología para CMV era positiva en 802 donantes (83%) y en 860 receptores (89%). Entre los receptores que padecieron enfermedad por CMV (N=60), perdieron el injerto cuatro y fallecieron seis. La infección precoz y la enfermedad precoz fueron significativamente más frecuentes (p<0,05) en los casos donante positivo-receptor negativo (D+/R-). Padecer infección precoz o tardía se asociaba a muerte por cualquier causa (odds ratio [OR] 2,03, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1,24-3,31, p<0,05). La enfermedad precoz o tardía por CMV se asociaba a mayor pérdida del injerto por cualquier causa (OR 1,97, IC 95% 1,14-3,43, p<0,05). Tras regresión logística permanecía significativa la asociación entre infección por CMV y muerte por cualquier causa. Conclusiones: En pacientes con trasplante renal, presentar infección por CMV se asocia a muerte por cualquier causa (AU)

Background and objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in renal transplant patients. It can cause infection and illness, as well as serious direct and indirect consequences. Patients and method: Descriptive retrospective observational study of all kidney transplants performed in the Hospital La Fe of Valencia between 1994 and 2005 (n=996). The diagnosis of CMV disease and disease was performed by serology, culture, pp65 antigenemia determination or quantification of CMV-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood. Prophylaxis included acyclovir in 20 patients (2.4%), ganciclovir in 478 (56.8%), valganciclovir in 166 (19.7%) and none in 178 (21%). Results: CMV serology was positive in 802 donors (83%) and in 860 recipients (89%). Among the recipients who suffered from CMV disease (N=60), four lost the graft and six died. Early infection and early disease were significantly more frequent (p<0.05) in positive donor-negative recipient cases (D+/R-). Having early or late infection was associated with death from any cause (OR 2.03, CI 95% 1.24 to 3.31, p<0.05). Early or late CMV infection was associated with increased graft loss from any cause (OR 1.97, CI 95% 1.14 to 3.43, p<0.05). After logistic regression, the association between CMV infection and death from all causes remained significant. Conclusions: In renal transplant patients, having CMV infection was associated with death from any cause (AU)

[Analysis of cytomegalovirus infection and its consequences in renal transplantation: a decade analysis]. / Análisis de infección por citomegalovirus y sus consecuencias en el trasplante renal: revisión de una década.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in renal transplant patients. It can cause infection and illness, as well as serious direct and indirect consequences. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive retrospective observational study of all kidney transplants performed in the Hospital La Fe of Valencia between 1994 and 2005 (n=996). The diagnosis of CMV disease and disease was performed by serology, culture, pp65 antigenemia determination or quantification of CMV-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood. Prophylaxis included acyclovir in 20 patients (2.4%), ganciclovir in 478 (56.8%), valganciclovir in 166 (19.7%) and none in 178 (21%). RESULTS: CMV serology was positive in 802 donors (83%) and in 860 recipients (89%). Among the recipients who suffered from CMV disease (N=60), four lost the graft and six died. Early infection and early disease were significantly more frequent (p<0.05) in positive donor-negative recipient cases (D+/R-). Having early or late infection was associated with death from any cause (OR 2.03, CI 95% 1.24 to 3.31, p<0.05). Early or late CMV infection was associated with increased graft loss from any cause (OR 1.97, CI 95% 1.14 to 3.43, p<0.05). After logistic regression, the association between CMV infection and death from all causes remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: In renal transplant patients, having CMV infection was associated with death from any cause.